All Media Guide's LASSO is a commercial service that uses acoustic fingerprinting, and other techniques, to recognize music.AcoustID is an open source project that aims to create a free database of audio fingerprints with mapping to the MusicBrainz metadata database and provide a web service for audio file identification using this database.This is a list of notable acoustic fingerprinting products. For use as evidence in a court of law, an acoustic fingerprint method must be forensic in its accuracy. On the other hand, a good acoustic fingerprint algorithm must be able to identify a particular master recording among all the productions of an artist or group. For use in radio broadcast monitoring, acoustic fingerprints should also be insensitive to analog transmission artifacts. A robust acoustic fingerprint will allow a recording to be identified after it has gone through such compression, even if the audio quality has been reduced significantly. Most audio compression techniques ( MP3, WMA, Vorbis) will make radical changes to the binary encoding of an audio file, without radically affecting the way it is perceived by the human ear. Perceptual characteristics often exploited by audio fingerprints include average zero crossing rate, estimated tempo, average spectrum, spectral flatness, prominent tones across a set of bands, and bandwidth. One can imagine the case of a smeared human fingerprint impression which can accurately be matched to another fingerprint sample in a reference database acoustic fingerprints work in a similar way. Acoustic fingerprints are more analogous to human fingerprints where small variations that are insignificant to the features the fingerprint uses are tolerated. Acoustic fingerprints are not bitwise fingerprints, which must be sensitive to any small changes in the data. If two files sound alike to the human ear, their acoustic fingerprints should match, even if their binary representations are quite different. A robust acoustic fingerprint algorithm must take into account the perceptual characteristics of the audio.
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